Mathematics is an international discipline, and numeracy, the application of mathematics, plays a critical part in our private, social and civic lives, and in the economic health of the nation.

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It is imperative that mathematics and numeracy experiences are as engaging, exciting and accessible as possible for learners, and that they ensure that learners develop mathematical resilience (the ability to embrace challenge as a positive aspect of learning). Developing mathematical resilience contributes to the development of ambitious and capable learners.

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In the early years, play forms an important part in the development of mathematics and numeracy, enabling learners to solve problems, explore ideas, establish connections and collaborate with others. In later years, learners need to have opportunities to work both independently and collaboratively to build on the foundations established in the early years.

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For learners of all ages, real-life examples drawn from the local, national and international environment help them make connections between the concrete and the abstract. Real-life contexts can be used to introduce and explore mathematical concepts, as well as to consolidate them. Indeed, teaching that introduces a reasoning and problem-solving approach to all mathematics and numeracy experiences supports the development both of positive dispositions and of the four purposes of the curriculum, as well as the development of the mathematical proficiencies